Romans 1:31

 

Romans 1:31

(MLV) without understanding, covenant-breakers, cold-hearted, implacable and unmerciful.
(KJV) Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:

(1611 KJV) Without vnderstanding, couenant breakers, without naturall affection, implacable, vnmercifull;

(1587 Geneva Bible) without vnderstanding, couenant breakers, without naturall affection, such as can neuer be appeased, mercilesse.

(1526 Tyndale) with out vnderstondinge covenaunte breakers vnlovinge trucebreakers and merciles.

 

Counterfeit Versions

(1881 RV) without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerciful:

(1901 ASV) without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerciful:

(AMP) [They were] without understanding, conscienceless and faithless, heartless and loveless [and] merciless.

(CEB) They are without understanding, disloyal, without affection, and without mercy.

(CEV) They are stupid, unreliable, and don't have any love or pity for others.

(Douay-Rheims 1899 RC) Foolish, dissolute, without affection, without fidelity, without mercy.

(ESV) foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

(GNB) they have no conscience; they do not keep their promises, and they show no kindness or pity for others.

(HCSB) undiscerning, untrustworthy, unloving, and unmerciful.

(THE MESSAGE) Stupid, slimy, cruel, cold-blooded.

(NASB) without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful;

(NCV) They are foolish, they do not keep their promises, and they show no kindness or mercy to others.

(NIRV) They are foolish. They can't be trusted. They are not loving and kind.

(NIV) they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love, no mercy.

(NLV) They are not able to understand. They do not do what they say they will do. They have no love and no loving-pity.

(NLT) They refuse to understand, break their promises, are heartless, and have no mercy.

(RSV) foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

(NAB-Roman Catholic) They are senseless, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

(NWT-Jehovah’s Witnesses) without understanding, false to agreements, having no natural affection, merciless.

 

Textus Receptus - Traditional Text

ασυνετους ασυνθετους αστοργους ασπονδους ανελεημονας

 

Hort-Westcott - Critical Text

ασυνετους ασυνθετους αστοργους ανελεημονας

 

Corrupted Manuscripts

This verse is corrupted in the following manuscripts:

Aleph 01 - Sinaiticus - Fourth century
A 02 - Alexandrinus - Fifth century

B 03 - Vaticanus - Fourth century

D 06 - Paris: Claromontanus - Sixth century

 

Manuscripts which agree with the Textus Receptus for this verse

Byzantine Text (450-1450 A.D.)

C 04 - Ephraemi Rescriptus - Fifth century

D 06 - Paris: Claromontanus - Sixth century (Corrected)

K 018 - Ninth century

L 020 - Ninth century

P 025 - Ninth century

 

Published Critical Greek Texts with Corruptions

Omit “implacable”

Alford, Henry - 1849 revised in 1871

Lachmann, Karl - 1842

Tischendorf, Constantine - 1869

Tregelles, Samuel - 1857

Wordsworth, Christopher - 1856 revised in 1870

Westcott and Hort - 1881

Nestle - 1927 as revised in seventeenth edition in 1941

Nestle-Aland - 1979 - Twenty Sixth Edition

Nestle-Aland - 1993 - Twenty Seventh Edition

United Bible Societies - 1983 - Fourth Edition

 

Affected Teaching

This week’s omission is a stumper because there is no logical reason why the word “aspondous” (implacable) was omitted in he Greek unless it was by pure carelessness. It is not a Gnostic teaching or lack thereof, but the minority text scholars continue to omit it.

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