§ III. PAUL'S VOYAGE TO ROME
(xxvii. 1-xxviii. 16).

1. THE COMPANY, THE SHIP AND THE ROUTE, 1, 2.

• Meaning of Augustan band? 1.
• Where was Adramyttium? 2.
• What the coast of Asia? 2.
• How long had Luke been with Paul? 1, cf. xxi. 17-xxiv. 27.
• Why Aristarchus in the company? 2, cf. Col. iv. 10.

2. THE VOYAGE FROM CÆSAREA TO FAIR HAVENS, 3-8.

• Why need refreshing in one day? 3.
• From what direction was the wind? 4, 5.
• Why change ships? 6.
• Why the new ship so far east? 6.
• How make headway against a contrary wind? 7.
• What change in the course at Cnidus, and why? 7.
• Why difficult to hug the shore of Crete? 8.

3. DISCUSSION ABOUT CONTINUING THE VOYAGE, 9-12.

• What fast, and what its connection with sailing? 9. [65] 
• Who had control of the ship, and why? 11.
• What the advantage of the haven at Phoenix? 12.

4. A VAIN ATTEMPT TO REACH PHOENIX, 13-20.

• Direction of the Euraquilo? 14, 17.
• Meaning of "face the wind," and why was it impossible? 15.
• What securing of the boat, and what boat?
• What meant by undergirding? 17.
• What the Syrtis, and why feared? 17.
• Why throw overboard the freight and the tackling? 18, 19.
• Why the effect of not seeing sun or stars? 20.

5. PAUL PREDICTS THE SAFETY OF ALL, 21-26.

• What injury and loss? 21, see 18, 19.
• How reconcile this with his previous prediction? 22, cf. 10.
• In what sense were all given to Paul? 24.
• How did this claim appear to the heathen sailors and soldiers?

6. THE SAILORS CASTS ANCHOR, AND ATTEMPT TO
ABANDON THE SHIP, 27-32.

• Were they in the sea now called Adria? 27.
• Why think they were near land? 27.
• Purpose in casting anchors, and why so many? 29.
• Why wish to abandon the ship? 30. [66] 
• How could they be safer in the boat?
• Why would none of the rest be saved? 31.
• Consistency with Paul's prediction? Cf. 22, 24.

7. PAUL COMFORTS THE CREW, AND THE SHIP IS LIGHTENED,
33-38.

• Had they eaten absolutely nothing? 33.
• How was eating "for their safety"? 34.
• Why give formal thanks? 35.
• Why the number given here? 37.
• Why lighten the ship again? 38.

8. THE SHIP IS WRECKED, BUT THE MEN ESCAPE, 39-44.

• Why wish to strike the beach? 39.
• What the bands of the rudders, and why loosed? 40.
• Why raise a sail? 40.
• Meaning of "place where two seas met"? 41.
• Did they reach the point aimed at?
• Why so anxious to save Paul? 42, 43.
• Why have to swim? 43, 44.

9. KINDNESS OF THE ISLANDERS, AND BITE OF A VIPER,
xxviii. 1-6.

• How learn the name of the island? 1.
• What its present name, and for what is it noted?
• Why the people called "barbarians"? 2.
• Why their conclusions about Paul? 4, 6. [67]

10. PAUL'S USEFULNESS IN MELITA, 7-10.

• In what sense the chief man? 7.
• Extent of his hospitality? and its reward? 7, 8; xxvii. 37.
• Why the whole company so honored? 9, 10.
• Did Paul preach to the islanders?

11. THE VOYAGE COMPLETED, 11-16.

• Who the "Twin Brothers"? and how the sign? 11.
• What and where was Syracuse? 12.
• Where Rhegium? and why make a circuit to it? 13.
• Was the second day's run long or short? 13.
• What the present condition of Puteoli?
• Why not land nearer Rome?
• Why permitted to tarry seven days? 14.
• How did the Roman brethren learn that Paul was coming? 15.
• Why so thankful?
• Why was Paul allowed to live by himself? 16, 30.
• How did the soldiers guard him? 16, 20.
• How often was the guard changed?

§ IV. PAUL'S PRISON LABORS IN ROME
(xxviii. 17-31).

1. HE OBTAINS AN INTERVIEW WITH THE LEADING JEWS,
17-22.

• Had he seen all of the Disciples? 17.
• Full purpose of [68] the interview?
• Is it true that the Romans had desired to set him at liberty? 18, 19, cf. xxiv. 26, 27; xxv. 9.
• Why had they not heard of him through his epistle?
• What means of communication had they with Judea? 21.
• Why wish to hear him for the reason given? 22.

2. A SECOND INTERVIEW WITH THE JEWS, 23-28.

• Course of the argument, and length of the discourse? 23.
• Why the quotation from Isaiah and the remark about the Gentiles? 25-28.

3. DURATION OF THE IMPRISONMENT, AND CONTINUED LABORS,
30, 31.

• Why so long in prison?
• Whence the money to pay rent?
• How could he get hearers?
• What indication here as to the date of Acts?

4. PAUL WRITES EPHESIANS, COLOSSIANS AND PHILEMON.

Evidence of this:
(1) Ephesians and Colossians were borne by Tychicus, Eph. vi. 21, 22; Col. iv. 7, 8.
(2) Philemon borne by Onesimus. 10-12.
(3) The two messengers traveled together. Col. iv. 9.
• Conclusion, all three written and forwarded at one time.
(4) Paul a prisoner at the time, [69] Eph. iii. 1; iv. 1; Col. iv. 18; Phil. i.
(5) His only imprisonments long enough for such writing those at Cæsarea and Rome. Not the former, for he was then going to Rome (xxiii. 11); and now he expects to visit Philemon when released, Phil. 22, cf. Col. iv. 9.

5. HISTORICAL ITEMS IN THESE EPISTLES.

(1) Paul was solicitous for means of utterance and the necessary boldness, Eph. vi. 18-20; Col. iv. 2-4.
• Why should he have felt thus?
(2) He had converted Onesimus, sends him to his master, and promises to pay his debts, Phil. 10-19.
(3) Paul's companions and their salutations, Col. iv. 10-14; Phil. 23, 24.
• When the commandments concerning Mark? 10.
• When had he joined Paul?
• Which of these were Jews? 11.
• Why was Epaphras so concerned for them? 12, 13.
• Where are Colosse, Laodicea, and Hierapolis? 13.
• Of what nationality were Epaphras, Luke and Demas? 14.
(4) Paul's salutations, 15-18.
• Why a church in the house of Nymphas? 15.
• Where is the epistle to the Laodiceans?
• Who was [70] Archippus? 17.
• Why the salutation with his own hand? 18, cf. II. Thess. iii. 17.
• Why no salutations in Ephesians?

6. PAUL WRITES PHILIPPIANS.

Evidence of this.
(1) Written while a prisoner at Rome, i. 12-14; iv. 22.
• How was the pretorian guard reached? i. 13, cf. Acts xxviii. 16.
• How Cæsar's household? iv. 22.
(2) Written after Ephesians and Colossians; for now a "door of utterance" is open. ib., cf. Eph. vi. 18-20; Col. iv. 3.

7. HISTORICAL ITEMS IN PHILIPPIANS.

(1) Paul expects to be released and to visit Philippi, i. 23-25; ii. 24.
(2) A purpose to send Timothy and an estimate of him, ii. 20-24.
• How did the Philippians know so much of Timothy?
(3) Sickness of Epaphroditus, and his return to Philippi, ii. 25-30.
• What brought on the sickness, and how had the Philippians heard of it? 30, 26.
• Why did Paul not heal him?
• Who carried this epistle? 28.
• What does Paul say of their gift and of them? 30; iv. 10-20.
• Was he in want when the gift came? 11. [71]

8. PAUL WRITES HEBREWS.

Evidence of this:
(1) It was written in Italy, xiii. 24.
(2) The writer under restraint, but sure of release, xiii. 18, 19; 23.
(3) The writer intimately associated with Timothy, xiii. 23.
(4) These facts indicate Paul as the author, and the close of his imprisonment as the date.
• What the main purpose of this epistle?
• If Paul's, why his name not given?

CHRONOLOGY OF ACTS.

(1) No connected chronology in the text.
(2) By comparison with Roman history, two dates are ascertained.
      1. Herod Agrippa's death, A. D. 44.
      2. Accession of Festus, A. D. 60. See Conybeare and Howson, Life and Epistles of Paul.
(3) These two dates connect with detached figures in Acts and Paul's Epistles.

1. From the Accession of Festus, A. D. 60, forward.

(1) Paul sailed for Rome, fall of 60, xxvii. 9.
(2) Winter of 60-61 spent in Melita, xxviii. 11.
(3) Spring of 61 he arrived in Rome, xxviii. 11-16.
(4) In Roman prison, 61-63. xxviii. 30, 31.
(5) Wrote Eph., Col., Phil., in 61; [72] Philip., in 62; Heb., in 63. See notes under "Prison Labors in Rome," Part IV, Section IV.

2. From the Accession of Festus, backward.

(1) The arrest in Jerusalem, Pentecost, 58. xxiv. 27; xx. 16.
(2) At Philippi on the way to Jerusalem, Passover, 58. xx. 6.
(3) Previous winter, 57-58, spent in Corinth, xx. 3; I. Cor. xvi. 6. Date of Rom. and Gal. See notes.
(4) Previous summer, 57, spent in Macedonia, xx. 1, 2, 3. Date of II. Cor.
(5) Previous spring, 57; close of labors at Ephesus, xx. 1; I. Cor. xvi. 6-8. --Date of I. Cor.
(6) Beginning of labors in Ephesus, 54. xx. 31.
(7) Beginning of third tour, 53? xviii. 22, 23; xix. 1.
(8) End of second tour, 53? xviii. 22, 23.
(9) Arrival in Corinth 18 months previous, early in 52. xviii. 11, 18. Date of I. and II. Thess.
(10) Beginning of second tour, 50? xv. 40-xviii. 1. The conjecture depends on the extent of the region traversed in this tour, and the labors in it indicated.
(11) The conference in Jerusalem, 50. xv. 30, 36.
(12) Conversion of Saul, and [73] death of Stephen, 36. viii. 1; ix. 1; Gal. ii. 1. This two years after the death of Jesus in 34.

3. From the Conversion of Paul, 36, forward.

(1) His first visit to Jerusalem, and departure to Tarsus, 39. Acts ix. 26, 30; Gal. i. 18.
• Jerusalem Church now restored.
• Philip's labors, viii. 4-40, in this interval, as appears from their position in the narrative.
(2) Baptism of Gentiles in Cæsarea, 41? ix. 30-43; x. 1-6.
(3) Paul brought to Antioch by Barnabas one year before the death of Herod; therefore in 43. xi. 26, 30; xii. 23-25. Church in Antioch founded few months earlier. xi. 19-25. Paul's preaching in Syria and Cilicia (Gal. i. 21-23) in the interval of 39 to 43. See (1), and (3).
(4) Almsgiving trip from Antioch to Judea, 44. xi. 29, 30; xii. 23-25.
(5) Beginning of first tour, spring of 45? xii. 25; xiii. 1.
(6) End of same, "no little time" before the conference in Jerusalem, therefore in 48 or 49: duration of the tour, about four years, xiv. 28; xv. 1, 2. [74]